How Rhizobia Adapt to the Nodule Environment

Trust Online: How to Adapt Mediation and Negotiation Techniques to the Virtual Environment

This paper is developed from one section of the course which deals with the problem of how a mediator can develop the necessary level of trust when communicating online and overcome what may at first sight appear as barriers to delivering online the benefits of mediation.

How conifers adapt to the cold.

I n convergent evolution, different species independently acquire similar traits. Knowing whether divergent species use the same or different genetic solutions to adapt to similar selection pressures can illuminate innate constraints on underlying molecular networks. Most cases of convergence that are understood at the genetic level are relatively simple, involving one or a few genes. On page 1...

How is somatosensory information used to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment?

Recent studies examining adaptation to unexpected changes in the mechanical environment highlight the use of position error in the adaptation process. However, force information is also available. In this chapter, we examine adaptation processes in three separate studies where the mechanical environment was changed intermittently. We compare the expected consequences of using position error and...

Can bacteria adapt to starvation-free environment?

How do tumours adapt to nutrient stress?

Reduced blood flow contributes to tumour hypoxia and nutrient deprivation forcing cancer cells to adapt to ensure survival. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Ye et al show that a stress response pathway including the eIF2 kinase GCN2 and its downstream target, the transcriptional activator ATF4, is critical for proliferation and survival of tumour cells after starvation for amino acids or gluc...